The Digester

Extra virgin olive oil associated with preserved cognition through the gut microbiota

Feb 23rd 2026

A URV-led prospective study of 656 adults aged 55 to 75 in the PREDIMED-Plus trial found that consuming extra virgin olive oil, compared with refined olive oil, was linked to greater gut microbiota diversity and better cognitive outcomes over two years.

  • The study followed 656 overweight or obese adults with metabolic syndrome for two years and compared effects of extra virgin versus refined olive oil on cognition and gut bacteria.
  • Extra virgin olive oil consumption was associated with improved cognitive function while refined olive oil was linked to decreased gut microbiota diversity over time.
  • Researchers identified the bacterial genus Adlercreutzia as a possible marker connecting extra virgin olive oil intake and preserved cognitive function.
  • Authors note extra virgin olive oil retains polyphenols and other bioactive compounds lost in refining, which may explain its distinct effects on gut microbiota and brain health.