The Digester

Ninth-century mass grave in Serbia shows targeted killing of women and children

Feb 23rd 2026

Analysis of 77 skeletons from Gomolava reveals a large, selective massacre that challenges earlier pandemic explanations and points to social upheaval in mid-ninth-century southeastern Europe.

  • Archaeologists analysed 77 individuals from the Gomolava mass grave dated to the mid-ninth century.
  • Two thirds of the victims were children or adolescents.
  • Of 72 sexed individuals, 51 were women or girls.
  • Pathogen screening found no infectious agents, contradicting earlier hypotheses that a pandemic caused the deaths.
  • The victims were mostly unrelated, with the only close kinship being one mother and her two daughters.
  • Isotope and genetic data show many victims grew up locally while a large number originated outside the Carpathian Basin, suggesting interactions between migrant and settled communities may have played a role in the violence.

Sources

nature.com