Immune cells may explain why pain lasts longer in women
Mar 1st 2026
A study combining mouse experiments and human data found that monocyte immune cells produce IL-10 to turn off pain-sensing nerves, and that males produce more of this molecule—linked to testosterone—potentially explaining why women often have longer lasting pain.
- Researchers found monocytes produce interleukin 10 that signals pain sensing neurons to stop firing and helps pain resolve.
- In experiments with mice and data from people after motor vehicle collisions, males showed stronger monocyte IL-10 responses and faster pain recovery than females.
- Testosterone increased monocyte IL-10 production, indicating a hormonal influence on the immune system’s pain resolving role.
- A weaker IL-10 response in females could contribute to a higher risk of persistent or chronic pain.
- Viewing the immune system as a pain resolution partner suggests new treatment strategies that boost the body’s own pain calming mechanisms.